Gut Microbiota In Metabolic And Inflammatory Diseases

Concetta Scimone, Luigi Donato, Simona Alibrandi, Rosalia D’Angelo, Antonina Sidoti

Abstract

Human body is colonized by more than 5000 different bacteria species living in symbiosis with the host. Most of them, however, inhabit intestinal tract and perform vital functions for the host, as metabolism, differentiation of gut epithelium, modulation of immune system. Many factors can influence equilibrium of normal flora and, among these, host genetic features, nutrients, lifestyle. Pathogenesis of several bowel and metabolic disorders is not well elucidated. Application of omics sciences for molecular characterization of gut microbiota is proving the high impact of gastrointestinal bacteria in development of inflammatory bowel diseases, as Crohn disease, and metabolic disorders, like diabetes mellitus and obesity. Here we focused on the main pathological conditions, with particular attention to the role of microbiota.

References

1. Kho ZY, Lal SK. The Human Gut Microbiome – A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1835
2. Pickard JM, Zeng MY, Caruso R, Núñez G. Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunol Rev 2017;279:70-89
3. Khlevner J, Park Y, Margolis KG. Brain-Gut Axis: Clinical Implications. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2018;47:727-39
4. Dąbrowska K, Witkiewicz W. Correlations of Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome Composition. Front Microbiol 2016;7:1357
5. Yu LC. Microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancers: exploring a common ground hypothesis. J Biomed Sci 2018;25:79
6. Passos MDCF, Moraes-Filho JP. Intestinal microbiota in digestive diseases. Arq Gastroenterol 2017;54:255-62
7. Peter J, Fournier C, Keip B, Rittershaus N, Stephanou-Rieser N, Durdevic M, Dejaco C, Michalski M, Moser G. Intestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19.pii:E3619
8. Zuo T, Ng SC. The Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Microbiol 2018;9:2247
9. Vasiliauskas E. Recent advances in the diagnosis and classification of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2003;5:493-500
10. Punchard NA. Overview: Nod2, cause of, or contributor to, Crohn’s disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001;2:1378-81.
11. Wang MH, Picco MF. Crohn’s Disease: Genetics Update. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2017;46:449-61
12. Turnbaugh PJ, Gordon JI. The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity. J Physiol 2009;587:4153-8
13. Vallianou NG, Stratigou T, Tsagarakis S. Microbiome and diabetes: Where are we now? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018;146:111-8
14. Sharma S, Tripathi P. Gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes: where we are and where to go? J Nutr Biochem 2018;63:101-8
15. Chander AM, Yadav H, Jain S, Bhadada SK, Dhawan DK. Cross-Talk Between Gluten, Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease: Recent Advances and Basis of Autoimmunity. Front Microbiol 2018;9:2597
16. Yu LC, Wei SC, Ni YH. Impact of microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis: lessons from experimental models. Intest Res 2018;16:346-57.
17. Yang Y, Xu C, Wu D, Wang Z, Wu P, Li L, Huang J, Qiu F. γδ T Cells: Crosstalk Between Microbiota, Chronic Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2018;9:1483
18. Qiao YQ, Cai CW, Ran ZH. Therapeutic modulation of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: More questions to be answered. J Dig Dis 2016;17:800-10